Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ijubane lokuhamba olwandle nomoya alilingani, umzila wesitimela osuka e-Yiwu uye eMadrid usuyinto abantu abaningi abayithandayo. Umzila wesitimela wesikhombisa oxhumanisa iShayina neYurophu futhi uyingxenye yoMgwaqo iNew Silk.
1. Ukubuka konke komzila osuka e-Yiwu uya eMadrid
Isitimela saseYiwu esiya eMadrid sivulwe ngoNovemba 18, 2014, sinobude obungamakhilomitha ayi-13,052, okuyindlela yesitimela sempahla ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Indlela isuka eYiwu eShayina, idlule eKazakhstan, eRussia, eBelarus, ePoland, eJalimane, eFrance, bese ekugcineni ifika eMadrid, eSpain. Inezinqola ezingu-41 sezizonke, ingathwala amabhokisi angu-82, futhi ubude bayo bungaphezu kwamamitha angu-550.
Njalo ngonyaka, umzila osuka e-Yiwu uye eMadrid uthwala imikhiqizo ecishe ibe ngu-2,000 ehlanganisa izidingo zansuku zonke, izingubo, imithwalo, amathuluzi ehadiwe, kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi evela e-Yiwu iya emazweni aseduze nomzila. Imikhiqizo esuka eMadrid ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yezolimo, okuhlanganisa amafutha omnqumo, i-ham, iwayini elibomvu, imikhiqizo yengulube, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, kanye nemikhiqizo yezempilo enempilo. Uma ufuna ukungenisa kalula zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo evela e-China, khona-ke ukuthola i-ejenti yokuthenga yaseShayina echwepheshile kuyisinqumo sakho esingcono kakhulu.
2. Kungani ukhetha i-Yiwu ne-Madrid njengamaphuzu okuqala nokugcina
Njengoba sonke sazi, i-Yiwu iyisikhungo sokuthengisa ngobuningi eShayina, inemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yezimpahla ezincane emhlabeni. Ama-60% emihlobiso kaKhisimusi emhlabeni avela e-Yiwu. Futhi ingenye yezindawo zokuthenga eziyinhloko zamathoyizi nezindwangu, imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nezingxenye zezimoto, ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende zokuthenga okuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zokuthumela ezinekhono ze-Yiwu zingakudalela izinzuzo ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, umthamo wesitsha ungamamitha ayi-cubic angu-40. Kwezinye izindawo, izisebenzi zingalayisha izimpahla ezingafika kumamitha ayi-cubic angu-40. E-Yiwu, izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe nezingochwepheshe zingalayisha izimpahla ezingamamitha ayi-cubic angu-43 noma ngisho namamitha angu-45.
Ekupheleni komzila, iMadrid Spain, inenani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza zebhizinisi laseShayina zaphesheya kwezilwandle ukusekela ukuhlinzekwa kwalesi sitimela. Abathengisi baseZhejiang baphesheya kwezilwandle abayizigidi eziyi-1.445 bayazi kahle imakethe ye-Yiwu futhi banamandla abalulekile ekungenisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwemakethe ye-Yiwu. Izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezimpahla ezincane ezithengiswa emakethe yaseSpain zivela e-Yiwu. IMadrid yaziwa nangokuthi i-European Commodity Center.
I-China ingumlingani oyinhloko webhizinisi nezomnotho waseSpain e-Asia, futhi iyindawo eyinhloko yokuthumela impahla yaseSpain esifundeni. Khetha i-Yiwu ne-Madrid njengezindawo zokuqala nezokugcina ukuze uxhumanise kangcono imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yezimpahla zabathengi emhlabeni nezikhungo zezimpahla zaseYurophu.
3. Impumelelo kanye nokubaluleka komzila osuka e-Yiwu uya eMadrid
Isitimela sase-Yiwu esiya eMadrid siyisithwali esibalulekile kanye neplatifomu yohlelo lwe-“Belt and Road”. Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza kakhulu ukuhweba ngokungenisa nokuthumela impahla phakathi kwe-Yiwu namazwe asendleleni, siphinde sikhanye “njengesiteshi esiluhlaza” enkundleni yokulwa nobhubhane emhlabeni jikelele. Isiteshi esiluhlaza sethrafikhi siwusizo ekunciphiseni ingcindezi yethrafikhi, sisheshise ukusulwa kwempahla yamasiko, sinciphise izinqubo zokusulwa kwempahla yamasiko, futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokuthutha izinto zokwelapha nezinye izimpahla eziya eSpain.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi ka-2021, iShayina yathumela amathani ayi-12,524 ezinto zokulwa nobhubhane emazweni aseYurophu ngesitimela. Ngo-2020, i-Yiwu yaphatha izitimela zempahla eziyi-1,399 zaseShayina-Europe ngomzila wempahla oxhumanisa iXinjiang enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina neYurophu, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-165%.
4. Izinzuzo zomzila we-Yiwu oya eMadrid
1. Ukuhambisana nesikhathi: Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-21 kuphela ukuya ngqo eMadrid, eSpain, kanye nokususwa kwentela okusheshayo, futhi ukususwa kwentela kungaqedwa zingakapheli izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ngokushesha. Ngolwandle, ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ayi-6 ukufika.
2. Intengo: Ngokuphathelene nentengo, iphakeme kancane kunempahla yolwandle, kodwa ishibhile cishe ngo-2/3 kunempahla yomoya.
3. Ukuzinza: Ukuthuthwa kolwandle kuthintwa kakhulu yizimo zezulu emizileni yolwandle, futhi kuvame ukuba nezici ezingalindelekile. Ezinye izimo, okuhlanganisa nezimo zechweba, zingabangela ukubambezeleka kwempahla. Ukuthuthwa kwezitimela phakathi kweChina ne-Europe Express kungaxazulula kangcono le nkinga.
4. Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwensizakalo: I-China-Europe Express inikeza insizakalo yokungena endlini ngendlu kulo lonke elase-EU, kanye ne-FCL ne-LCL, izimpahla zakudala neziyingozi, futhi yamukela izinhlobo eziningi zezimpahla kunolwandle nomoya. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwemikhiqizo yezimboni enenani eliphezulu njengezingxenye zezimoto, imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nemishini yamakhompyutha. Ifanele futhi imikhiqizo yokukhangisa neyesizini edinga ukufika lapho iya khona ngokushesha okukhulu.
5. Inobungani nemvelo, ukungcola okuncane.
6. Ukuthuthwa kwesitimela kuzinzile futhi kwanele, futhi umjikelezo wokuhamba umfushane. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziqukathi zasolwandle, "okunzima ukuzithola", ukuthuthwa emoyeni "kuyi-fuse", futhi ukuthuthwa kwesitimela kungalawula isikhathi. Ukusuka e-Yiwu ukuya eMadrid kunezinsika ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ngesonto, kanti ukusuka e-Madrid ukuya e-Yiwu kunezinsika ezi-1 ngenyanga.
7. Kungakhulisa ukukhetha kokunikezwa. Ngenxa yokuthi umzila we-Yiwu-Madrid udlula emazweni amaningi, kulula kakhulu ukuthenga imikhiqizo ekhethekile kula mazwe.
Qaphela: Ngenxa yamageyiji angahambisani, izimpahla kufanele zithuthwe kathathu phakathi nohambo. Ama-locomotive nawo kumele ashintshwe njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-500. Isitimela sishintshwe kathathu endleleni ngenxa yamageyiji ahlukene eShayina, eYurophu naseRussia. Ukudluliselwa kwesikhongozeli ngasinye kuthatha umzuzu owodwa kuphela.
Isivinini sokuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko e-China-Europe Express sishesha kakhulu kunesokuthunyelwa kwempahla yasolwandle, kodwa ngendlela efanayo, udinga futhi ukuhambisa ulwazi lokuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko:
1. Ibhili lendlela yesitimela, idokhumenti yempahla ekhishwe yinkampani yesitimela.
2. Uhlu lokupakisha izimpahla
3. Ikhophi eyodwa yenkontileka
4. Irisidi
5. Imibhalo yesimemezelo sentela (imininingwane/uhlu lokupakisha)
6. Ikhophi eyodwa yamandla ommeli wesicelo sokuhlola
Okulandelayo kunezici eziningana ezingathinta isivinini sokususwa kwempahla yamasiko:
1. Ngemva kokulungisa ulwazi olufanele lokuvunyelwa kwentela, yehluleka ukugcwalisa umthumeli bese uqoqa ulwazi ngokweqiniso
2. Okuqukethwe ohlwini lokupakisha akuhambisani nokuqukethwe kwe-waybill
(Kufaka phakathi: umthumeli, umthumeli, imbobo yokulayisha, imbobo yokuya/yokwehlisa impahla, uphawu kanye nenombolo yengxenye, igama lempahla kanye nekhodi yentela, inani lezingcezu, isisindo, usayizi kanye nomthamo wengcezu eyodwa yempahla, njll.)
3. Izimpahla ziyathathwa
4. Kunemikhiqizo engavunyelwe ezimpahleni
(A, imikhiqizo ye-IT efana namafoni aphathwayo namakhompyutha
(B, izingubo, izicathulo nezigqoko
(C, izimoto kanye nezinto zokwengeza
(D. Okusanhlamvu, iwayini, ubhontshisi wekhofi
(E, izinto zokwakha, ifenisha
(F, amakhemikhali, imishini kanye nemishini, njll.)
Uma kukhokhwa intela nezimali, kudingeka zikhokhwe ngesikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimpahla ngeke zithuthwe futhi kudingeka ziqinisekiswe futhi zicutshungulwe ngesikhathi. Ungaqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izinsizakalo zokucubungula intela nezimali zifakiwe yini uma umthengisi wezimpahla ophathisiwe efanelekile.
Uma sikhuluma ngokujwayelekile, izinkampani ezinkulu zokuthutha izimpahla zizoba nensizakalo eqinisekisiwe kakhulu, kodwa izinkampani ezincane zokuthutha izimpahla nazo zinezinzuzo zazo. Zingase zibe nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphakeme. Lokhu kuncike ekukhetheni kwakho. Ungakhetha kusuka kusevisi kanye nomjikelezo wokuthutha. Futhi ikhono lokususa impahla kanye nentengo kucatshangelwa ezicini eziningi.
Ukupakisha okuhle kuyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezimpahla
Okulandelayo, hlela ngokwezimpahla zebhokisi, izimpahla zebhokisi, kanye nezimpahla ezikhethekile
Ngizilungisile izidingo zokupakisha zokuthutha izimpahla ngezitimela zaseChina-Europe Express.
1. Izinga lokupakisha lebhokisi:
1. Akukho ukuguquguquka, akukho monakalo, futhi akukho ukuvuleka emithethweni yebhokisi;
2. Ibhokisi alinamanzi noma umswakama;
3. Akukho ukungcola noma amafutha ngaphandle kwebhokisi;
4. Ibhokisi livalwe ngokuphelele;
5. Ibhokisi liphawulwe ngokucacile, libonisa uhlobo lwezimpahla kanye nezidingo zokupakisha;
2. Izinga lokupakisha lezimpahla zephalethi lebhokisi lokhuni:
1. Ithreyi ayinamilenze, ukuguguleka, umonakalo, ubumanzi, njll.;
2. Akukho monakalo, ukuvuza, ukungcola okunamafutha, njll. ngaphandle;
3. Isisindo esithwala umthwalo sesisekelo esingezansi sidlula isisindo sempahla;
4. Iphakheji yangaphandle kanye nesisekelo esingezansi noma izimpahla ziqiniswe ngokuqinile futhi zizimele;
5. Izimpahla zivaliwe ngokuphelele;
6. Ukubekwa okunengqondo kwezimpahla zangaphakathi, ukuqinisa okusebenzayo, nokugwema ukuthuthumela ephaketheni;
7. Uhlobo lwezimpahla kufanele luboniswe ebhokisini lokhuni noma ephalethini, kufaka phakathi amaphuzu alandelayo:
1) Imikhawulo enanini lezingqimba ezihlanganisiwe kanye nesisindo;
2) Indawo yesikhungo sokudonsa amandla komthwalo;
3) Isisindo nosayizi wempahla;
4) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyaphuka, njll.;
5) Ukuhlonza ingozi yempahla.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi uma ukupakishwa kwamabhokisi okhuni nama-pallet kungafaneleki, kuzothinta yonke inqubo yokuthutha kanye nokulayisha kanye nokulayisha. Kudingeka kuhlolwe kusukela ekuqaleni kokulethwa komkhiqizo, bese kulayishwa futhi kuthuthwe uma kufaneleki.
3. Izidingo zokupakisha nokupakisha imithwalo enesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ama-5
1. Isisekelo sempahla engaphansi sithatha isakhiwo esineziteshi ezine, futhi iphalethi yempahla ihlangabezana nezidingo zesisindo sesitsha (umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo wephansi lesitsha elingamamitha angu-40 ungamamitha-skwele angu-1 ton, kanti umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo wephansi lesitsha elingamamitha angu-20 ungamathani angu-2/imitha-skwele);
2. Amandla okupakisha kwangaphandle anele ukusekela ukulayishwa nokwethulwa kwemithwalo (ukwethulwa nge-crane ngebhandeji) kanye nezidingo zokupakisha.
3. Amandla ephalethi anele ukusekela isisindo sempahla, futhi imichilo yokhuni ngeke iphuke ngesikhathi senqubo yokulayisha nokupakisha.
4. Iphansi lephalethi liyisicaba futhi azikho izikulufo, amantongomane noma ezinye izingxenye ezivelele ukugwema ukulimala kwesitsha.
5. Ukupakishwa kwezimpahla kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokupakishwa kwebhokisi lokhuni kanye nezimpahla zephalethi.
Qaphela: Uma ukupakishwa kwezimpahla kubuthakathaka noma kungenakupakishwa, udinga ukugcwalisa ulwazi olufanele ngeqiniso lapho ubhuka ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa yizimpahla ezibangelwa izinkinga zokupakishwa. Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa izinkinga zokupakishwa kuzothwalwa ngumthumeli.
6. Mayelana nathi
Siyinkampani ye-ejenti yokuthenga e-China Yiwu, e-China, sineminyaka engama-23 yesipiliyoni kanye nokwazi imakethe yonke yase-China. Sihlinzeka ngensizakalo engcono kakhulu yokuma okukodwa ukukusekela kusukela ekuthengeni kuya ekuthumeleni. Siyakwamukela ukuxhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2021