Endabeni yomthamo wezokuthutha olwandle nomoya oqinile, ujantshi wesitimela i-Yiwu uya eMadrid usuphenduke ukukhethwa kwabantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe.Ungujantshi wesikhombisa oxhumanisa iChina ne-Europe futhi uyingxenye yoMgwaqo Omusha Kasilika.
1. Uhlolojikelele lomzila osuka e-Yiwu uya eMadrid
I-Yiwu to Madrid Railway yavulwa ngoNovemba 18, 2014, enobude obuphelele bamakhilomitha ayi-13,052, okuwumzila wesitimela omude kunawo wonke emhlabeni.Umzila usuka e-Yiwu China, udlule eKazakhstan, eRussia, eBelarus, ePoland, eJalimane, eFrance, futhi ekugcineni ufinyelele eMadrid, eSpain.Inengqikithi yamakalishi angu-41, ingathwala iziqukathi ezingu-82, futhi inobude obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-550.
Minyaka yonke, umzila we-Yiwu oya e-Madrid uphatha cishe imikhiqizo engu-2,000 ehlanganisa izidingo zansuku zonke, izingubo zokugqoka, imithwalo, amathuluzi wehadiwe, nemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ukusuka e-Yiwu ukuya emazweni agudle umzila.Imikhiqizo ephuma eMadrid ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yezolimo, okuhlanganisa amafutha omnqumo, i-ham, iwayini elibomvu, imikhiqizo yengulube, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, nemikhiqizo yezempilo enomsoco.Uma ufuna ukungenisa kalula zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo evela e-China, khona-ke ukuthola i-ejenti yokuhlola yaseShayina eyingcweti kuyisinqumo sakho esingcono kakhulu.
2. Kungani ukhethe i-Yiwu neMadrid njengamaphuzu okuqala nawokugcina
Njengoba sonke sazi, i-Yiwu iyisikhungo se-wholesale yase-China, inemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yezimpahla ezincane.U-60% wemihlobiso kaKhisimusi emhlabeni ivela e-Yiwu.Kuphinde kube ngesinye sezikhungo eziyinhloko zokuthenga amathoyizi nezindwangu, imikhiqizo kagesi nezingxenye zezimoto, ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende zokuthenga endaweni eyodwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi bemikhumbi abanekhono be-Yiwu bangakudalela izinzuzo ezengeziwe.Isibonelo, umthamo wesitsha ungama-cubic metres angama-40.Kwezinye izindawo, abasebenzi bangalayisha izimpahla ezingafika ku-40 cubic metres.E-Yiwu, abasebenzi abangochwepheshe nabanekhono bangalayisha impahla engama-cubic metres angama-43 noma angama-45.
Ekupheleni komzila, iMadrid Spain, inenani elikhulu lezinsiza zamabhizinisi aseShayina aphesheya kwezilwandle ukusekela ukuhlinzekwa kwalesi sitimela.Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-1.445 abathengisi baseZhejiang phesheya kwezilwandle abayazi kahle imakethe ye-Yiwu futhi bangamandla abalulekile ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni imakethe ye-Yiwu.Izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezimpahla ezincane ezithengiswa emakethe yaseSpain zivela e-Yiwu.IMadrid yaziwa nangokuthi yi-European Commodity Center.
I-China inguzakwethu omkhulu webhizinisi nezomnotho weSpain e-Asia, futhi iyindawo eyinhloko yokuthunyelwa kwe-Spain esifundeni.Khetha i-Yiwu ne-Madrid njengendawo yokuqala nesiphetho ukuze uxhume kangcono imakethe yempahla ethengiswayo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni nezikhungo zezimpahla zaseYurophu.
3. Izimpumelelo nokubaluleka komzila osuka e-Yiwu uya e-Madrid
I-Yiwu to Madrid Railway ingumthwali obalulekile kanye nenkundla yesinyathelo "Ibhande Nomgwaqo".Ngaphezu kokugqugquzela kakhulu ukuhwebelana nokuthekelisa phakathi kwe-Yiwu namazwe agudle umzila, kuphinde kukhanye "njengesiteshi esiluhlaza" enkundleni yokulwa nobhubhane lomhlaba wonke.Umzila oluhlaza wethrafikhi usiza ekwehliseni ingcindezi yethrafikhi, ukusheshisa ukukhishwa kwempahla, ukwehlisa izinqubo zokugunyazwa kwamasiko, nokudlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuthutha izimpahla zezokwelapha nezinye izimpahla eSpain.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi ka-2021, iChina yathumela amathani ayi-12,524 ezinto zokulwa nobhubhane emazweni ase-Europe ngesitimela.Ngo-2020, i-Yiwu yaphatha izitimela zezimpahla zase-China-Europe ezingu-1,399 ngomzila wezimpahla oxhuma i-Xinjiang enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-China ne-Europe, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-165%.
4. Izinzuzo zomzila we-Yiwu oya eMadrid
1. Ukugcina Isikhathi: Kuthatha kuphela izinsuku ezingu-21 ukuya ngqo eMadrid, eSpain, nemvume yokungena esheshayo, futhi imvume yokungena ingaqedwa phakathi no-1 kuya kwezingu-2 izinsuku zokusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.Ngasolwandle, ngokuvamile kuthatha amaviki angu-6 ukufika.
2. Intengo: Ngokwenani, iphakeme kancane kunempahla ethunyelwa olwandle, kodwa ibiza cishe ngo-2/3 kunempahla ethunyelwa emoyeni.
3. Ukuzinza: Izinto zokuhamba olwandle zithikamezeka kakhulu izimo zezulu emizileni yasolwandle, futhi ngokuvamile kuba nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezingalindelekile.Ezinye izimo, okuhlanganisa nezimo zechweba, zingase zibangele ukubambezeleka kwempahla.I-China-Europe Express yokuhamba ngesitimela ingaxazulula kangcono le nkinga.
4. Ukuvumelana nezimo kwesevisi ephezulu: I-China-Europe Express inikeza isevisi yendlu ngendlu kuyo yonke i-EU, kanye ne-FCL ne-LCL, izimpahla zakudala neziyingozi, futhi yamukela izinhlobo eziningi zezimpahla kunolwandle nomoya.Ifaneleka kakhulu ukuthutha imikhiqizo yezimboni enenani eliphezulu njengezingxenye zezimoto, imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nemishini yekhompyutha.Iphinde ilungele imikhiqizo yokuphromotha neyesizini edinga ukufika lapho iya khona ngokushesha okukhulu.
5. Ayinandaba nemvelo, ingcolisa kancane.
6. Izinto zokuhamba ngololiwe zizinzile futhi zanele, futhi umjikelezo wezokuthutha mfushane.Uma kuqhathaniswa neziqukathi zasolwandle, “okunzima ukuzithola”, ezokuthutha ngendiza “i-fuse”, futhi ezokuthutha ngololiwe zingalawula isikhathi.I-Yiwu eya e-Madrid inekholomu engu-1 kuye ku-2 ngesonto, kanti i-Madrid kuya ku-Yiwu inekholomu eyodwa ngenyanga.
7. Ingakhuphula ukukhetha kokunikezwayo.Ngenxa yokuthi umzila we-Yiwu-Madrid udlula emazweni amaningi, kulula kakhulu ukuthenga imikhiqizo ekhethekile kulawa mazwe.
Qaphela: Ngenxa yamageji angahambisani, izimpahla kufanele zidluliselwe izikhathi ezi-3 phakathi nohambo.Izitimela kufanele futhi zishintshwe njalo ngamamayela angu-500.Isitimela sishintshe izikhathi ezintathu endleleni ngenxa yamageji ahlukene eChina, eYurophu naseRussia.Ukudluliswa kwesitsha ngasinye kuthatha umzuzu owodwa kuphela.
Ijubane lokukhishwa kwezimpahla ze-China-Europe Express lishesha ukwedlula lelo lempahla yasolwandle, kodwa ngendlela efanayo, udinga futhi ukuhambisa imininingwane yokugunyazwa kwempahla yangaphandle:
1. Iphepha lendlela kaloliwe, idokhumenti yempahla ekhishwe inkampani yesitimela.
2. Uhlu lokupakisha Izimpahla
3. Ikhophi eyodwa yenkontileka
4. I-invoyisi
5. Imibhalo yesimemezelo seCustoms (uhlu lwezicaciso/uhlu lokupakisha)
6. Ikhophi eyodwa yamandla ommeli wesicelo sokuhlolwa
Okulandelayo yizici ezimbalwa ezingase zithinte isivinini sokukhishwa kwezimpahla ezithengiswayo:
1. Ngemva kokulungisa imininingwane ehambisanayo yokugunyazwa kwempahla, yehluleka ukugcwalisa umthumeli kanye nolwazi lokuvuna ngokweqiniso
2. Okuqukethwe ohlwini lokupakisha akuhambisani nokuqukethwe yi-waybill
(Kubandakanya: umthumeli, umthumeli, imbobo yokulayisha, indawo okuyiwa kuyo/ukulayisha impahla, uphawu nengxenye yenombolo, igama lempahla kanye nekhodi yentela, inombolo yezingcezu, isisindo, usayizi kanye nevolumu yesiqephu esisodwa sempahla, njll.)
3. Izimpahla ziyathathwa
4. Kunemikhiqizo enqatshelwe empahleni
(A, imikhiqizo ye-IT efana nomakhalekhukhwini namakhompyutha
(B, izingubo, izicathulo nezigqoko
(C, izimoto kanye nezinsiza
(D. Okusanhlamvu, iwayini, ubhontshisi wekhofi
(E, impahla, ifenisha
(F, amakhemikhali, imishini nemishini, njll.
Uma izintela nezindleko zenziwa, zidinga ukukhokhwa ngesikhathi.Uma kungenjalo, izimpahla ngeke zithuthwe futhi zidinga ukuqinisekiswa futhi zicutshungulwe ngesikhathi.Ungaphinda uqinisekise ukuthi intela kanye nezinsizakalo zokucubungula izimali ziyafakwa yini uma umthumeli wempahla ophathisiwe efanelekile.
Uma sikhuluma nje, ngokuvamile izinkampani ezinkulu ezithumela izimpahla ziyoba nesevisi eqinisekisiwe, kodwa izinkampani ezincane ezithumela impahla nazo zinezinzuzo zazo.Bangase babe nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa.Lokhu kuncike ekukhetheni kwakho.Ungakhetha kumjikelezo wesevisi nowokuthutha.Futhi ikhono lokuvunyelwa kwamasiko kanye nentengo kubhekwa ezicini eziningi.
Ukupakishwa okuhle kuyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwempahla
Okulandelayo, hlukanisa ngokwezimpahla zebhokisi, izimpahla zamabhokisi, nezimpahla ezikhethekile
Ngihlele izidingo zokupakisha zokuthutha impahla ngezitimela zase-China-Europe Express.
1. Izinga lokupakisha lebhokisi:
1. Akukho ukuguquguquka, akukho monakalo, futhi akukho ukuvuleka emithethweni yebhokisi;
2. Ibhokisi alinawo umswakama noma umswakama;
3. Akukho ukungcola noma okunamafutha ngaphandle kwebhokisi;
4. Ibhokisi livalwe ngokuphelele;
5. Ikhathoni imakwe ngokucacile, ekhombisa uhlobo lwezimpahla kanye nezidingo zokupakisha;
2. Izinga lokupakisha lempahla yephalethi yebhokisi lamapulangwe:
1. Ithreyi alinayo imilenze, i-deformation, umonakalo, ubumanzi, njll;
2. Akukho monakalo, ukuvuza, ukungcola okunamafutha, njll. ngaphandle;
3. Isisindo esithwala umthwalo sokusekela phansi sidlula isisindo somthwalo;
4. Ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kanye nokwesekwa okuphansi noma izimpahla ziqiniswa ngokuqinile futhi zizimele;
5. Izimpahla zivaliwe ngokuphelele;
6. Ukubekwa okunengqondo kwezimpahla zangaphakathi, ukuqinisa okusebenzayo, nokugwema ukuzamazama emaphaketheni;
7. Imvelo yezimpahla izokhonjiswa ebhokisini lepulangwe noma i-pallet, okuhlanganisa amaphuzu alandelayo:
1) Imikhawulo enanini lezendlalelo ezinqwabelene nesisindo;
2) Isikhundla sesikhungo sokudonsela phansi kwempahla;
3) Isisindo kanye nosayizi wempahla;
4) Ukuthi ithambile, njll.;
5) Ukuhlonza ingozi yempahla.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi uma ukupakishwa kwamabhokisi ezinkuni kanye nama-pallets kungafanelekile, kuzothinta yonke inqubo yokuthutha nokulayisha nokukhipha.Kudingeka ukuthi ihlolwe kusukela ekuqaleni kokulethwa komkhiqizo, bese ilayishwa futhi ithuthwe uma ifaneleka.
3. Impahla ekhuluphele (izimpahla ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu-5) izidingo zokupakisha nokupakisha
1. Ukwesekwa okungaphansi kwempahla kwamukela isakhiwo seziteshi ezine, futhi i-pallet yempahla ihlangabezana nezidingo zesisindo sesitsha (umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo we-container engamamitha angu-40 floor uyi-1 ton square meter, kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo. indawo eyi-container engamamitha angama-20 ingamathani ama-2/square meter);
2. Amandla okupakisha kwangaphandle anele ukusekela ukulayishwa kwempahla kanye nokuthulula (ukuthulula nge-crane nge-bandage) kanye nezidingo zokupakisha.
3. Amandla we-pallet anele ukusekela isisindo sezimpahla, futhi imichilo yokhuni ngeke iphuke ngesikhathi sokuthulula nokupakisha.
4. Iphansi le-pallet liyisicaba futhi azikho izikulufo, amantongomane noma ezinye izingxenye ezingaphandle ukugwema ukulimala esitsheni.
5. Ukupakishwa kwezimpahla kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokupakisha zebhokisi lamapulangwe kanye nempahla ye-pallet.
Qaphela: Uma ukupakishwa kwempahla kuntekenteke noma kungakwazi ukupakishwa, udinga ukugcwalisa imininingwane efanele uma ubhukha ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa yimpahla ebangelwa izinkinga zokupakisha.Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa izinkinga zokupakisha kuzothwalwa ngumthumeli.
6. Mayelana nathi
Siyinkampani ye-ejenti etholakala e-China Yiwu, e-China, enesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-23 nokujwayelana nayo yonke imakethe yamaShayina.Nikeza isevisi ehamba phambili yokuma okukodwa ukuze ikusekele kusukela ekuthengeni uye ekuthumeleni.Siyakwamukela ukuxhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2021