Tabeng ea matla a lipalangoang tsa leoatle le moea, seporo sa Yiwu ho ea Madrid se fetohile khetho ea batho ba bangata.Ke seporo sa bosupa se kopanyang China le Europe 'me ke karolo ea New Silk Road.
1. Kakaretso ea tsela ho tloha Yiwu ho ea Madrid
Terene ea Yiwu ho ea Madrid e ile ea buloa ka la 18 Pulungoana, 2014, ka bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 13,052, e leng tsela e telele ka ho fetisisa ea terene e tsamaisang thepa lefatšeng.Tsela e tlohang Yiwu Chaena, e feta Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Jeremane, Fora, 'me qetellong e fihla Madrid, Spain.E na le kakaretso ea makareche a 41, e ka jara lijana tse 82, 'me e na le bolelele ba limithara tse fetang 550.
Selemo se seng le se seng, tsela ea Yiwu ho ea Madrid e jara lihlahisoa tse ka bang 2,000 tse kenyelletsang litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, liaparo, thōtō, lisebelisoa tsa hardware le lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki ho tloha Yiwu ho ea linaheng tse haufi le tsela.Lihlahisoa tse tlohang Madrid haholo-holo ke lihlahisoa tsa temo, ho akarelletsa le oli ea mohloaare, ham, veine e khubelu, lihlahisoa tsa nama ea kolobe, lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo le lihlahisoa tsa bophelo bo botle ba phepo e nepahetseng.Haeba u batla ho kenya lihlahisoa tsa mefuta eohle habonolo ho tsoa China, joale ho fumana moemeli oa profeshenale oa China ke khetho ea hau e ntle ka ho fetisisa.
2. Hobaneng u khetha Yiwu le Madrid joalo ka lintlha tsa ho qala le tsa ho qetela
Joalo ka ha bohle re tseba, Yiwu ke setsi sa mabenkele sa China, se na le 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetesisa oa lihlahisoa tse nyane lefatšeng.60% ea mekhabiso ea Keresemese lefatšeng e tsoa ho Yiwu.Hape ke e 'ngoe ea litsi tsa mantlha tsa ho reka lintho tsa ho bapala le masela, lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki le likarolo tsa koloi, tse ka fihlelang litlhoko tsa bareki bakeng sa ho reka bohareng.Ntle le moo, basebetsi ba likepe ba Yiwu ba nang le boiphihlelo ba ka u etsetsa melemo e mengata.Ka mohlala, bophahamo ba setshelo ke 40 cubic metres.Libakeng tse ling, basebetsi ba ka laela thepa e fihlang ho 40 cubic metres.Kua Yiwu, basebetsi ba hloahloa le ba nang le boiphihlelo ba ka jarisa thepa ea 43 kapa esita le 45 cubic metres.
Qetellong ea tsela, Madrid Spain, e na le palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tsa China mose ho maoatle ho tšehetsa phepelo ea terene ena.Hoo e ka bang limilione tse 1.445 tsa barekisi ba Zhejiang mose ho maoatle ba tseba 'maraka oa Yiwu hantle,' me ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho theolelong le kantle ho naha 'marakeng oa Yiwu.Likarolo tse tharo ho tse tharo tsa lihlahisoa tse nyane tse rekisoang 'marakeng oa Spain li tsoa Yiwu.Madrid e boetse e tsejoa e le Setsi sa Lihlahisoa tsa Europe.
China ke molekane ea ka sehloohong oa khoebo le moruo oa Spain Asia, hape ke sebaka se ka sehloohong seo Spain e romelloang ho sona sebakeng seo.Khetha Yiwu le Madrid e le libaka tsa ho qala le tsa ho qetela ho hokahanya hamolemo 'maraka o moholo oa lefats'e oa thekiso ea thepa ea bareki le litsi tsa thepa tsa Europe.
3. Liphihlelo le bohlokoa ba tsela ea ho tloha Yiwu ho ea Madrid
Terene ea Yiwu ho ea Madrid ke setsi sa bohlokoa le sethala sa morero oa "Lebanta le Tsela".Ntle le ho hlohlelletsa haholo khoebo ea ho kenya le ho rekisa kantle ho naha lipakeng tsa Yiwu le linaha tse haufi le tsela, e boetse e khanya joalo ka "mocha o motala" lebaleng la lefats'e le khahlanong le seoa.Mocha o motala oa sephethephethe o thusa ho fokotsa khatello ea sephethephethe, ho potlakisa ho tlosoa ha meetlo, ho fokotsa mekhoa ea ho tlosa meetlo, le ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho tsamaisa thepa ea bongaka le thepa e 'ngoe ho ea Spain.
Ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa Mots'eanong oa 2021, China e rometse kakaretso ea lithane tse 12,524 tsa thepa e thibelang seoa linaheng tsa Europe ka terene.Ka 2020, Yiwu e ile ea sebetsana le literene tsa thepa tse 1,399 tsa China-Europe ka tsela ea thepa e hokahanyang Xinjiang leboea-bophirima ho China le Europe, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 165%.
4. Melemo ea Yiwu ho ea Madrid tsela
1. Nako: Ho nka matsatsi a 21 feela ho ea Madrid ka ho toba, Spain, ka tumello ea meetlo e potlakileng, 'me tumello ea meetlo e ka phethoa nakong ea 1 ho ea ho matsatsi a 2 a sebetsang ka potlako.Ka leoatle, hangata ho nka libeke tse 6 ho fihla.
2. Theko: Ho ea ka theko, e phahame hanyenyane ho feta thepa ea leoatleng, empa e batla e le 2/3 e theko e tlaase ho feta ea lifofane.
3. Botsitso: Lipalangoang tsa likepe li angoa haholo ke maemo a leholimo litseleng tsa leoatle, ’me hangata ho ba le mabaka a sa tšoaneng a sa lebelloang.Maemo a mang, ho kenyeletsoa le maemo a boema-kepe, a ka baka tieho ea thepa.Lipalangoang tsa terene tsa China-Europe Express li ka rarolla bothata bona hamolemo.
4. Boemo bo phahameng ba tšebeletso: China-Europe Express e fana ka tšebeletso ea ntlo le ntlo ho pholletsa le EU, hammoho le FCL le LCL, thepa ea khale le e kotsi, 'me e amohela mefuta e mengata ea thepa ho feta leoatle le moea.E loketse haholo ho tsamaisa lihlahisoa tsa indasteri tsa boleng bo holimo joalo ka likarolo tsa koloi, lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa tsa komporo.E boetse e loketse lihlahisoa tsa papatso le tsa selemo tse hlokang ho fihla moo li eang teng kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
5. Setsoalle sa tikoloho, tšilafalo e fokolang.
6. Lipalangoang tsa terene li tsitsitse ebile li lekane, 'me potoloho ea lipalangoang e khutšoanyane.Ha ho bapisoa le lijana tsa leoatle, tse "thata ho fumana", lipalangoang tsa sefofane ke "fuse", 'me lipalangoang tsa terene li ka laola nako.Yiwu ho ea Madrid e na le likholomo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 ka beke, 'me Madrid ho ea ho Yiwu e na le kholomo e le 1 ka khoeli.
7. E ka eketsa khetho ea phepelo.Hobane tsela ea Yiwu-Madrid e feta linaheng tse ngata, ho bonolo haholoanyane ho reka lihlahisoa tse khethehileng linaheng tsena.
Tlhokomeliso: Ka lebaka la li-gauge tse sa lumellaneng, thepa e tlameha ho fetisoa ka makhetlo a 3 nakong ea leeto.Li-locomotives le tsona li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka ke lik'hilomithara tse ling le tse ling tse 500.Terene e ile ea fetoha ka makhetlo a mararo tseleng ka lebaka la litekanyo tse fapaneng tsa China, Europe le Russia.Phetiso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea setshelo e nka motsotso o le mong feela.
Lebelo la tumello ea meetlo ea China-Europe Express le potlakile ho feta la thepa ea leoatleng, empa ka tsela e ts'oanang, o boetse o hloka ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling ea tumello ea moetlo:
1. Railway waybill, tokomane ea thepa e fanoeng ke mopalami oa terene.
2. Lenane la ho paka thepa
3. Kopi e le 'ngoe ea konteraka
4. Invoice
5. Litokomane tsa phatlalatso ea Customs (litlhaloso/lenane la ho paka)
6. Kopi e le 'ngoe ea matla a moemeli bakeng sa kopo ea tlhahlobo
Lintlha tse latelang ke tse 'maloa tse ka amang lebelo la tumello ea lekhetho:
1. Ka mor'a ho lokisetsa tlhahisoleseding e tsamaellanang ea tumello ea lekhetho, hloleha ho tlatsa tlhahisoleseding ea thomello le ho kotula ka 'nete
2. Likahare tsa lenane la ho paka ha li tsamaellane le litaba tsa lengolo la tsamaiso
(Ho kenyeletsoa: motho ea tsamaisang thepa, motho ea tsamaisang thepa, boema-kepe ba ho palamisa thepa, boema-kepe ba ho laolla, letšoao le karolo ea nomoro, lebitso la thepa le khoutu ea lekhetho, palo ea likotoana, boima, boholo le bophahamo ba thepa e le 'ngoe, jj.)
3. Thepa ea nkoa
4. Ho na le lihlahisoa tse thibetsoeng thepa
(A, lihlahisoa tsa IT joalo ka mehala ea cellular le likhomphutha
(B, liaparo, lieta le likatiba
(C, likoloi le lisebelisoa
(D. lijo-thollo, veine, linaoa tsa kofi
(E, thepa, thepa ea ka tlung
(F, lik'hemik'hale, mechini le lisebelisoa, joalo-joalo.
Haeba lekhetho le litefiso li hlahisoa, li hloka ho lefshoa ka nako.Ho seng joalo, thepa e ke ke ea tsamaisoa 'me e hloka ho netefatsoa le ho sebetsoa ka nako.U ka boela ua netefatsa hore na lekhetho le lits'ebeletso tsa ts'ebetso ea litefiso li kenyelelitsoe ha morekisi ea filoeng thepa a loketse.
Ha re bua hantle, lik'hamphani tse kholo tse fetisang thepa ka kakaretso li tla ba le ts'ebeletso e netefalitsoeng, empa lik'hamphani tse nyane tse tsamaisang thepa le tsona li na le melemo ea tsona.Li ka 'na tsa e-ba le ts'ebetso e batlang e le holimo.Sena se itšetlehile ka khetho ea hau.U ka khetha ho tloha ho tšebeletso le potoloho ea lipalangoang.'Me bokhoni ba tumello ea meetlo le theko li nkoa likarolong tse ngata.
Ho paka hantle ke ntho e hlokahalang ho netefatsa polokeho ea thepa
Ka mor'a moo, arola ho ea ka thepa ea lebokose, thepa ea lebokose le thepa e khethehileng
Ke hlophisitse litlhoko tsa ho paka bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa thepa ka literene tsa China-Europe Express.
1. Tekanyetso ea ho paka mabokose:
1. Ha ho na deformation, ha ho ts'enyehelo, 'me ha ho menyetla ea ho bula melao ea lebokose;
2. Lebokose ha le na mongobo kapa mongobo;
3. Ha ho na tšilafalo kapa mafura ka ntle ho lebokose;
4. Lebokose le tiisitsoe ka ho feletseng;
5. Lebokose le ngotsoe ka ho hlaka, le bontšang mofuta oa thepa le litlhoko tsa ho paka;
2. Tekanyetso ea ho paka ea thepa ea pallet ea lebokose la lepolanka:
1. Terei ha e na maoto, deformation, senya, metsi, joalo-joalo;
2. Ha ho na tšenyo, ho lutla, tšilafalo e mafura, joalo-joalo ka ntle;
3. Boima ba boima ba tšehetso e ka tlase bo feta boima ba thepa;
4. Sephutheloana sa ka ntle le tšehetso e ka tlase kapa thepa e matlafalitsoe ka thata ebile e ikemetse;
5. Thepa e tiisitsoe ka botlalo;
6. Ho behoa ka mokhoa o utloahalang ha thepa ea ka hare, ho matlafatsa ka katleho, le ho qoba ho sisinyeha ka har'a liphutheloana;
7. Mofuta oa thepa o tla bontšoa lebokoseng la lepolanka kapa pallet, ho kenyeletsoa lintlha tse latelang:
1) Meeli holim'a palo ea mekhahlelo e stacked le boima ba 'mele;
2) Boemo ba setsi sa matla a khoheli a thepa;
3) Boima le boholo ba thepa;
4) Hore na e fokola, joalo-joalo;
5) Boitsebiso ba kotsi ea thepa.
Ke habohlokoa ka ho khetheha ho hlokomela hore haeba ho kenngoa ha mabokose a lehong le li-pallets ho sa tšoanelehe, ho tla ama ts'ebetso eohle ea lipalangoang le ho kenya le ho laolla.E hloka ho hlahlojoa ho tloha qalong ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa, ebe e kenngoa le ho tsamaisoa haeba e tšoaneleha.
3. Thepa e boima bo feteletseng (thepa e boima ba lithane tse fetang 5) litlhoko tsa ho paka le ho paka
1. Ts'ehetso e ka tlase ea thepa e amohela sebopeho sa likanale tse 'ne,' me pallet ea thepa e fihlela litlhoko tsa boima ba setshelo (bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho jara moroalo oa mokatong oa sejana sa maoto a 40 ke 1 ton square meter, le boholo bo boholo ba ho jara moroalo. ea 20-maoto a setshelo mokatong ke 2 tons/square meter);
2. Matla a sephutheloana sa ka ntle a lekane ho tšehetsa thepa ea thepa le ho laolla (ho laolla ka crane ka bandage) le litlhoko tsa ho paka.
3. Matla a pallet a lekane ho tšehetsa boima ba thepa, 'me lihlopha tsa lehong li ke ke tsa robeha nakong ea ho laolla le ho paka.
4. Botlaaseng ba pallet e bataletse 'me ha ho na li-screw, linate kapa likarolo tse ling tse hlahelletseng ho qoba tšenyo ea setshelo.
5. Ho paka ha thepa ho kopana le litekanyetso tsa ho paka tsa lebokose la lehong le thepa ea pallet.
Tlhokomeliso: Haeba sephutheloana sa thepa se senyeha habonolo kapa se sa khone ho phutheloa, u lokela ho tlatsa lintlha tse amehang ka 'nete ha u etsa pehelo ho qoba tahlehelo ea thepa e bakoang ke mathata a ho paka.Tahlehelo e bakoang ke mathata a ho paka e tla jaroa ke motho ea tsamaisang thepa.
6. Mabapi le rona
Re k'hamphani ea li-sourcing China Yiwu, China, e nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse 23 le ho tloaelana le 'maraka oa China kaofela.Fana ka litšebeletso tse ntle ka ho fetesisa tse u thusang ho tloha ho reka ho isa ho thomello.Rea u amohela ho ikopanya le rona.
Nako ea poso: Aug-14-2021