Kwimeko yolwandle oluqinileyo kunye nomthamo wokuhamba emoyeni, i-Yiwu ukuya eMadrid umzila kaloliwe uye wakhethwa ngabantu abaninzi ngakumbi.Nguloliwe wesixhenxe odibanisa iTshayina neYurophu kwaye uyinxalenye yeNdlela eNtsha yeSilika.
1. Isishwankathelo sendlela esuka eYiwu isiya eMadrid
I-Yiwu ukuya eMadrid Railway yavulwa nge-18 kaNovemba ka-2014, kunye nobude obupheleleyo be-13,052 yeekhilomitha, eyona ndlela inde kakhulu emhlabeni.Indlela isuka eYiwu China, idlula eKazakhstan, eRashiya, eBelarus, ePoland, eJamani, eFransi, ize ifike eMadrid, eSpain.Ineekhareji ezingama-41 zizonke, zinokuthwala izikhongozeli ezingama-82, kwaye inobude obungaphezulu kwama-550 eemitha.
Rhoqo ngonyaka, indlela ye-Yiwu eya eMadrid ithwala phantse i-2,000 yeemveliso ezibandakanya iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, iimpahla, imithwalo, izixhobo zehardware, kunye neemveliso zombane ezisuka eYiwu ukuya kumazwe asendleleni.Iimveliso ezishiya iMadrid ikakhulu ziyimveliso yezolimo, kubandakanya ioli yeoli, iham, iwayini ebomvu, iimveliso zehagu, iimveliso zokhathalelo lwesikhumba, kunye neemveliso zempilo ezinomsoco.Ukuba ufuna ukungenisa ngokulula zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ezivela e-China, ke ukufumana i-arhente yokukhangela yaseTshayina lolona khetho lwakho lulungileyo.
2. Kutheni ukhethe i-Yiwu kunye ne-Madrid njengendawo yokuqala kunye neyokuphela
Njengoko sisazi sonke, i-Yiwu liziko lase-China levenkile, ineyona marike inkulu yehlabathi.Ama-60% ezinto zokuhombisa zeKrisimesi ehlabathini ziphuma kwi-Yiwu.Ikwalelona ziko liphambili lokuthenga izinto zokudlala kunye nelaphu, iimveliso ze-elektroniki kunye neenxalenye zemoto, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi zokuthenga kwindawo esembindini.Ukongeza, abasebenzi abanobuchule be-Yiwu banokwenza izibonelelo ezingakumbi kuwe.Ngokomzekelo, umthamo wesitya si-40 cubic metres.Kwezinye iindawo, abasebenzi banokulayisha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 cubic metres yempahla.E-Yiwu, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo nabanezakhono banokulayisha i-43 okanye i-45 cubic metres yomthwalo.
Ekupheleni kwendlela, iMadrid Spain, inenani elikhulu lemithombo yoshishino yaseTshayina yaphesheya ukuxhasa ukubonelelwa kwalo loliwe.Kangangezigidi ezi-1.445 zabarhwebi baseZhejiang baphesheya kolwandle bayayazi imarike yeYiwu kakuhle kwaye bangamandla abalulekileyo ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni ngaphandle kwemarike yeYiwu.Iikota ezintathu zeemveliso ezincinci ezithengiswa kwimarike yaseSpain zisuka eYiwu.IMadrid ikwabizwa ngokuba liZiko leeMveliso zaseYurophu.
I-China lelona shishini liphambili laseSpain kunye neqabane lezoqoqosho e-Asia, kwaye ikwayeyona ndawo iphambili yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Spain kulo mmandla.Khetha i-Yiwu kunye neMadrid njengeendawo zokuqala nezokugqibela ukuze udibanise eyona marike inkulu yehlabathi yempahla yabathengi kunye namaziko aseYurophu.
3. Impumelelo kunye nokubaluleka kwendlela esuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid
I-Yiwu ukuya eMadrid Railway ngumthwali obalulekileyo kunye neqonga lenyathelo le "Belt and Road".Ukongeza ekukhuthazeni kakhulu ukurhweba ngaphandle kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle phakathi kwe-Yiwu kunye namazwe asecaleni kwendlela, ikwakhanya "njengejelo eliluhlaza" kwibala lehlabathi lokulwa nobhubhane.Umjelo ohlaza wezithuthi uhambelana nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwezithuthi, ukukhawuleza ukukhutshwa kwamasiko, ukunciphisa iinkqubo zokucoca amasiko, kunye nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuthutha izixhobo zonyango kunye nezinye iimpahla eSpeyin.
Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi ka-2021, i-China yathumela iitoni ezili-12,524 zezixhobo zokulwa ubhubhane kumazwe aseYurophu ngololiwe.Ngo-2020, i-Yiwu yaphatha i-1,399 ye-China-Europe i-treight trains ngendlela yothutho edibanisa i-Xinjiang kumntla-ntshona we-China kunye neYurophu, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-165%.
4. Izinto ezilungileyo zeYiwu ukuya kwindlela yaseMadrid
1. Ixesha elibekiweyo: Kuthatha kuphela iintsuku ze-21 ukuya ngqo eMadrid, eSpain, kunye nokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwamasiko, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-customs kungagqitywa kwi-1 ukuya kwiintsuku zokusebenza ze-2 ngokukhawuleza.Ngolwandle, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiveki ezi-6 ukufika.
2. Ixabiso: Ngokwexabiso, liphezulu kancinane kunothutho lwaselwandle, kodwa liphantse libe yi-2/3 lixabiso eliphantsi kunothutho lomoya.
3. Uzinzo: Izithuthi zaselwandle zichatshazelwa kakhulu yimozulu kwiindlela zolwandle, yaye ngokufuthi kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingalindelekanga.Ezinye iimeko, kuquka iimeko zezibuko, zinokubangela ukulibaziseka komthwalo.Uthutho lukaloliwe lwaseTshayina-Europe Express lunokusombulula ngcono le ngxaki.
4. Ukuguquguquka kwenkonzo ephakamileyo: I-China-Europe Express inikezela ngenkonzo yendlu ngendlu kwi-EU, kunye ne-FCL kunye ne-LCL, iimpahla zakudala kunye eziyingozi, kwaye yamkela iintlobo ezininzi zempahla kunolwandle kunye nomoya.Ikulungele kakhulu ukuthutha iimveliso zemizi-mveliso zexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nezixhobo zemoto, iimveliso zombane kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha.Ikwafanelekile kwiimveliso zentengiso kunye nexesha lonyaka ekufuneka zifike kwindawo eziya kuyo ngokukhawuleza.
5. Ubuhlobo bendalo, ungcoliseko oluncinci.
6. Uthutho lukaloliwe luzinzile kwaye lwanele, kwaye umjikelo wothutho umfutshane.Xa kuthelekiswa nezikhongozeli zaselwandle, “ekunzima ukuzifumana”, ukuthuthwa ngenqwelomoya “yi-fuse”, kwaye uthutho lukaloliwe lunokulawula ixesha.I-Yiwu ukuya eMadrid inekholamu ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngeveki, kwaye iMadrid ukuya kwiYiwu inekholamu enye ngenyanga.
7. Inokunyusa ukhetho lokubonelela.Kuba indlela ye-Yiwu-Madrid idlula kumazwe amaninzi, kulula kakhulu ukuthenga iimveliso ezikhethekileyo kula mazwe.
Qaphela: Ngenxa yeegeyiji ezingahambelaniyo, iimpahla kufuneka zithunyelwe ngamaxesha e-3 ngexesha lohambo.Ii Locomotives kufuneka nazo zitshintshwe rhoqo ngeekhilomitha ezingama-500.Uloliwe watshintsha kathathu endleleni ngenxa yeegeyiji ezahlukeneyo eTshayina, eYurophu naseRashiya.Ugqithiso lwesikhongozeli ngasinye sithatha umzuzu omnye kuphela.
Isantya sokucocwa kwesithethe saseChina-Europe Express sikhawuleza kuneso sithutho elwandle, kodwa kwangokunjalo, kuyafuneka ukuba ungenise ulwazi lococeko lwesiko:
1. Iphepha lendlela kaloliwe, uxwebhu lothutho olukhutshwe ngumthuthi kaloliwe.
2. Uluhlu lokupakisha iimpahla
3. Ikopi enye yekhontrakthi
4. I-invoyisi
5. Amaxwebhu okubhengezwa kweCustoms (inkcazo/uluhlu lokupakisha)
6. Ikopi enye yamandla egqwetha kwisicelo sokuhlolwa
Okulandelayo zizinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela isantya sokukhutshwa kwempahla yesiqhelo:
1. Emva kokuba ulungiselele ulwazi oluhambelana nokususwa kwezithethe, ungazalisi uthutho kunye nolwazi lokuvuna ngokunyanisekileyo
2. Okubhalwe kuluhlu lokupakishwa akuhambelani nokuqulethwe yi-waybill
(Kubandakanya: umthumeli, umthumeli, izibuko lokulayisha, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo/yokothula izibuko, uphawu kunye nenxalenye yenombolo, igama lomthwalo kunye nekhowudi yamasiko, inani lamaqhekeza, ubunzima, ubungakanani kunye nomthamo wesiqwenga esinye somthwalo, njl.njl.)
3. Iimpahla ziyabanjwa
4. Kukho iimveliso ezithintelweyo kwiimpahla
(A, iimveliso ze-IT ezinjengeefowuni eziphathwayo kunye neekhompyuter
(B, iimpahla, izihlangu kunye neminqwazi
(C, iimoto kunye nezincedisi
(D. Uziinkozo, iwayini, iimbotyi zekofu
(E, izinto, ifenitshala
(F, iikhemikhali, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo, njl.
Ukuba iirhafu kunye neentlawulo zenziwe, kufuneka zihlawulwe ngexesha.Ngaphandle koko, iimpahla aziyi kuthuthwa kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwaye ziqhutywe ngexesha.Ungaqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba irhafu kunye neenkonzo zokulungisa umrhumo zibandakanyiwe xa umthumeli wempahla ophathisiweyo efanelekile.
Xa sithetha ngokuthelekisa, iinkampani ezinkulu ezithumela imithwalo ngokubanzi ziya kuba nenkonzo eqinisekisiweyo ngakumbi, kodwa iinkampani ezincinci ezithumela imithwalo nazo zinezibonelelo zazo.Basenokuba neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza.Oku kuxhomekeke kukhetho lwakho.Unokukhetha kwinkonzo kunye nomjikelo wokuthutha.Kwaye amandla okukhutshwa kwezithethe kunye nexabiso liqwalaselwa kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Ukupakishwa okulungileyo yimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwempahla
Okulandelayo, hlela ngokweebhokisi zempahla, iimpahla zebhokisi, kunye neempahla ezikhethekileyo
Ndizilungisile iimfuno zokupakisha zothutho lwempahla ngoololiwe base China-Europe Express.
1. Umgangatho wokupakisha wekhathoni:
1. Akukho deformation, akukho monakalo, kwaye akukho kuvuleka kwimithetho yebhokisi;
2. Ibhokisi ayinakufuma okanye kumanzi;
3. Akukho lungcoliseko okanye amafutha ngaphandle kwebhokisi;
4. Ibhokisi itywinwe ngokupheleleyo;
5. Ibhokisi iphawulwe ngokucacileyo, ebonisa uhlobo lwempahla kunye neemfuno zokupakisha;
2. Umgangatho wokupakisha wempahla yepallet yebhokisi yomthi:
1. I-tray ayinayo imilenze, i-deformation, umonakalo, umanzi, njl.;
2. Akukho monakalo, ukuvuza, ungcoliseko olunamafutha, njl njl ngaphandle;
3. Ubunzima bomthwalo wenkxaso ephantsi budlula ubunzima bomthwalo;
4. Ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kunye nenkxaso ephantsi okanye iimpahla ziqiniswe ngokuqinileyo kwaye zizimele;
5. Iimpahla zitywinwe ngokupheleleyo;
6. Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwempahla yangaphakathi, ukuqiniswa okusebenzayo, kunye nokuphepha ukugubha kwipakethe;
7. Ubume bempahla buya kuboniswa kwibhokisi yeplanga okanye kwipallet, kubandakanywa amanqaku alandelayo:
1) Imida kwinani leeleya ezipakishwe kunye nobunzima;
2) Isikhundla seziko lobunzima bomthwalo;
3) Ubunzima kunye nobukhulu bomthwalo;
4) Ingaba i-fragile, njl.;
5) Ukuchongwa kwengozi ye-Cargo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukupakishwa kweebhokisi zokhuni kunye neepallets akufanelekile, kuya kuchaphazela yonke inkqubo yokuthutha kunye nokulayisha kunye nokukhupha.Kufuneka ihlolwe ukususela ekuqaleni kokuhanjiswa kwemveliso, kwaye emva koko ilayishwe kwaye ihanjiswe ukuba ifanelekile.
3. Umthwalo onzima kakhulu (impahla enobunzima obungaphezulu kweetoni ezi-5) iimfuno zokupakisha kunye nokupakisha
1. Inkxaso ephantsi kwempahla ithatha isakhiwo se-channel ezine, kwaye i-pallet ye-cargo ihlangabezana neemfuno zobunzima be-container (ubukhulu bomthwalo obuthwala umthamo we-40-foot-container floor yi-1 ton square meter, kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo. yomgangatho wesikhongozeli esiziimitha ezingama-20 ziitoni ezi-2/isikwere seemitha);
2. Amandla okupakishwa kwangaphandle anele ukuxhasa ukulayishwa kwempahla kunye nokukhulula (ukukhulula nge-crane nge-bandage) kunye neemfuno zokupakisha.
3. Amandla e-pallet anele ukuxhasa ubunzima bempahla, kwaye imichilo yokhuni ayiyi kuphulwa ngexesha lokukhupha kunye nokupakisha.
4. Umzantsi wephalethi usicaba kwaye akukho zikrufu, amandongomane okanye ezinye iindawo eziphumayo ukuphepha umonakalo kwisitya.
5. Ukupakishwa kwempahla kuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokupakisha yebhokisi yomthi kunye nempahla ye-pallet.
Qaphela: Ukuba ukupakishwa kwempahla kubuthathaka okanye akukwazi ukupakishwa, kufuneka ugcwalise ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokunyanisekileyo xa ubhukisha ukuphepha ilahleko yempahla ebangelwa iingxaki zokupakisha.Ilahleko ebangelwa yingxaki yokupakisha iya kuthwalwa ngumthumeli.
6. Malunga nathi
Siyinkampani ye-arhente e-China Yiwu, e-China, eneminyaka engama-23 yamava kunye nokuqhelana nayo yonke imarike yaseTshayina.Nikezela ngeyona nkonzo ilungileyo yokumisa enye ukukuxhasa ukusuka ekuthengeni ukuya ekuthumeleni ngenqanawa.Wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-14-2021