Kwimeko yokungabi namandla okuthutha ulwandle nomoya, umzila kaloliwe osuka eYiwu uye eMadrid uye waba lukhetho lwabantu abaninzi ngakumbi. Ngumzila kaloliwe wesixhenxe odibanisa iTshayina neYurophu kwaye uyinxalenye yeNew Silk Road.
1. Isishwankathelo sendlela esuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid
Uloliwe iYiwu ukuya eMadrid uvulwe ngoNovemba 18, 2014, ubude bawo buziikhilomitha ezili-13,052, oluyeyona ndlela inde kakhulu yololiwe wempahla emhlabeni. Le ndlela isuka eYiwu eTshayina, idlule eKazakhstan, eRashiya, eBelarus, ePoland, eJamani, eFransi, ize ekugqibeleni ifikelele eMadrid, eSpain. Ineenqwelo zokulwa ezingama-41 zizonke, inokuthwala iikhonteyina ezingama-82, kwaye ubude bayo buziimitha ezingaphezu kwama-550.
Minyaka le, indlela esuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid ithwala phantse iimveliso ezingama-2,000 kuquka izinto ezifunekayo imihla ngemihla, impahla, imithwalo, izixhobo zehardware, kunye neemveliso ze-elektroniki ezivela eYiwu ukuya kumazwe akule ndlela. Iimveliso ezisuka eMadrid ikakhulu ziimveliso zezolimo, kuquka ioyile yomnquma, iham, iwayini ebomvu, iimveliso zehagu, iimveliso zokhathalelo lolusu, kunye neemveliso zempilo yesondlo. Ukuba ufuna ukungenisa ngokulula zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ezivela eTshayina, ke ukufumana iarhente yokuthenga yaseTshayina yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
2. Kutheni ukhetha iYiwu kunye neMadrid njengeendawo zokuqala nezokugqibela
Njengoko sonke sisazi, iYiwu liziko lokuthengisa ngobuninzi eTshayina, inemarike enkulu kunazo zonke yempahla encinci ehlabathini. Ama-60% ezihombiso zeKrisimesi ehlabathini avela kwiYiwu. Ikwalilinye lamaziko okuthenga amathoyizi kunye namalaphu, iimveliso ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zeemoto, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi zokuthenga okuphakathi. Ukongeza, abasebenzi bezothutho abanezakhono baseYiwu banokukwenzela izibonelelo ezingaphezulu. Umzekelo, umthamo wesikhongozeli yi-40 cubic metres. Kwezinye iindawo, abasebenzi banokulayisha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 cubic metres yeempahla. EYiwu, abasebenzi abanezakhono nabanobuchule banokulayisha i-43 okanye i-45 cubic metres yempahla.
Ekupheleni kwendlela, iMadrid Spain, inenani elikhulu lezixhobo zoshishino zaseTshayina zaphesheya kwezilwandle zokuxhasa ukuhanjiswa kwale treyini. Abathengisi baseZhejiang baphesheya abazizigidi ezili-1.445 bayayazi kakuhle imakethi yeYiwu kwaye banegalelo elikhulu ekungenisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwemakethi yeYiwu. Iikota ezintathu zeempahla ezincinci ezithengiswa kwimakethi yaseSpain zivela kwiYiwu. IMadrid ikwabizwa ngokuba yiZiko leeMpahla zaseYurophu.
I-China liqabane eliphambili lezorhwebo nezoqoqosho laseSpain e-Asia, kwaye ikwayindawo ephambili yokuthumela impahla yaseSpain kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla. Khetha i-Yiwu kunye neMadrid njengeendawo zokuqala nezokugqibela zokudibanisa ngcono imakethi enkulu yehlabathi yeempahla zabathengi kunye namaziko eempahla zaseYurophu.
3. Impumelelo kunye nokubaluleka kwendlela esuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid
Uloliwe osuka eYiwu uye eMadrid ngumqhubi obalulekileyo kunye neqonga lephulo elithi “Belt and Road”. Ukongeza ekukhuthazeni kakhulu urhwebo lokungenisa nokuthumela impahla ngaphandle phakathi kweYiwu kunye namazwe akwindlela, ikwakhanya njenge "tshaneli eluhlaza" kwindawo yokulwa nobhubhane wehlabathi. Itshaneli eluhlaza yetrafikhi iluncedo ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwetrafikhi, ikhawulezisa ukususwa kwerhafu, inciphisa iinkqubo zokususwa kwerhafu, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuthutha izixhobo zonyango kunye nezinye iimpahla ukuya eSpain.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi ka-2021, iTshayina ithumele iitoni ezili-12,524 zezinto zokulwa nobhubhane kumazwe aseYurophu ngololiwe. Ngo-2020, iYiwu iphathe oololiwe bempahla abayi-1,399 baseTshayina-Yurophu ngendlela yokuthutha impahla edibanisa iXinjiang kumantla-ntshona eTshayina neYurophu, ukunyuka kwe-165% ngonyaka.
4. Iingenelo zendlela esuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid
1. Ukufika ngexesha: Kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-21 kuphela ukuya ngqo eMadrid, eSpain, kunye nokususwa kwerhafu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukususwa kwerhafu kungagqitywa kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Xa uhamba ngolwandle, kudla ngokuthatha iiveki ezi-6 ukufika.
2. Ixabiso: Ngokwexabiso, liphezulu kancinci kunempahla yolwandle, kodwa lixabiso eliphantsi phantse nge-2/3 kunempahla yomoya.
3. Uzinzo: Uthutho lwaselwandle luchaphazeleka kakhulu ziimeko zemozulu kwiindlela zaselwandle, kwaye kudla ngokubakho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingalindelekanga. Ezinye iimeko, kuquka iimeko zezibuko, zinokubangela ukulibaziseka kwemithwalo. Uthutho lukaloliwe oluhamba phakathi kweChina neYurophu Express lunokuyisombulula ngcono le ngxaki.
4. Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwenkonzo: I-China-Europe Express ibonelela ngenkonzo yokungena emnyango nomnyango kulo lonke i-EU, kunye ne-FCL kunye ne-LCL, iimpahla zakudala neziyingozi, kwaye yamkela iintlobo ezininzi zeempahla kunolwandle nomoya. Ifanelekile kakhulu ekuthuthweni kweemveliso zoshishino ezixabisa kakhulu ezifana neenxalenye zeemoto, iimveliso ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha. Ikwafanelekile kwiimveliso zokukhuthaza kunye nezexesha elithile ekufuneka zifike kwindawo eziya kuyo ngokukhawuleza.
5. Ilungele okusingqongileyo, ingcoliseko encinci.
6. Uthutho lukaloliwe luzinzile kwaye lwanele, kwaye umjikelo wothutho umfutshane. Xa kuthelekiswa neekhonteyina zaselwandle, "ekunzima ukuzifumana", uthutho lomoya "luyi-fuse", kwaye uthutho lukaloliwe lunokulawula ixesha. Ukusuka eYiwu ukuya eMadrid kuneentsika ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngeveki, kwaye ukusuka eMadrid ukuya eYiwu kuneentsika ezi-1 ngenyanga.
7. Inganyusa ukukhetha kobonelelo. Ngenxa yokuba indlela yeYiwu-Madrid idlula kumazwe amaninzi, kulula ngakumbi ukuthenga iimveliso ezikhethekileyo kula mazwe.
Qaphela: Ngenxa yeegeyiji ezingahambelaniyo, iimpahla kufuneka zithuthwe kathathu ngexesha lohambo. Iilocomotive nazo kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo emva kweekhilomitha ezingama-500. Uloliwe utshintshe kathathu endleleni ngenxa yeegeyiji ezahlukeneyo eTshayina, eYurophu naseRashiya. Ukuhanjiswa kwesikhongozeli ngasinye kuthatha umzuzu omnye kuphela.
Isantya sokususwa kweempahla kwi-China-Europe Express sikhawuleza kuneso sokuhanjiswa kweempahla elwandle, kodwa ngendlela efanayo, kufuneka ungenise ulwazi lokususwa kweempahla:
1. Ibhili yendlela kaloliwe, uxwebhu lwempahla olukhutshwe yinkampani yeenqwelo-mafutha kaloliwe.
2. Uluhlu lokupakisha iimpahla
3. Ikopi enye yesivumelwano
4. I-invoyisi
5. Amaxwebhu okwazisa ngempahla ethengiswayo (iinkcukacha/uluhlu lokupakisha)
6. Ikopi enye yegunya lommeli kwisicelo sokuhlolwa
Okulandelayo kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela isantya sokususwa kwerhafu:
1. Emva kokulungiselela ulwazi olufanelekileyo lokususwa kwerhafu, hluleka ukugcwalisa umthumeli kwaye ufumane ulwazi ngokwenyani
2. Okuqulethwe kuluhlu lokupakisha akuhambelani nomxholo we-waybill
(Kubandakanya: umthumeli, umthumeli, izibuko lokulayisha, izibuko lendawo/lokukhulula impahla, uphawu kunye nenombolo yenxalenye, igama lempahla kunye nekhowudi yerhafu, inani leziqwenga, ubunzima, ubungakanani kunye nomthamo weqhekeza elinye lempahla, njl.njl.)
3. Iimpahla ziyathinjwa
4. Kukho iimveliso ezingavumelekanga kwezi mpahla
(A, iimveliso ze-IT ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo kunye neekhompyutha
(B, impahla, izihlangu kunye neminqwazi
(C, iimoto kunye nezixhobo
(D. Iinkozo, iwayini, iimbotyi zekofu
(E, izinto, ifenitshala
(F, iikhemikhali, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo, njl.njl.
Ukuba irhafu kunye neentlawulo zifunyenwe, kufuneka zihlawulwe ngexesha. Ngaphandle koko, iimpahla aziyi kuthuthwa kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwaye zicutshungulwe ngexesha. Ungaqinisekisa nokuba iinkonzo zokucubungula irhafu kunye neentlawulo zifakiwe na xa umthengisi wempahla ophathisiweyo efanelekile.
Ngokwentelekiso, ngokubanzi iinkampani ezinkulu zokuthutha imithwalo ziya kuba nenkonzo eqinisekisiweyo ngakumbi, kodwa iinkampani ezincinci zokuthutha imithwalo nazo zinezibonelelo zazo. Zinokuba nexabiso eliphezulu lokusebenza. Oku kuxhomekeke kukhetho lwakho. Ungakhetha kwinkonzo kunye nomjikelo wokuthutha. Kwaye amandla okususwa kwempahla kunye nexabiso kuqwalaselwa kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Ukupakisha kakuhle kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweempahla
Okulandelayo, hlela ngokweempahla zebhokisi, iimpahla zebhokisi, kunye neempahla ezikhethekileyo
Ndizilungisile iimfuno zokupakisha zokuthutha imithwalo ngoololiwe baseChina-Europe Express.
1. Umgangatho wokupakisha webhokisi:
1. Akukho kuguquka, akukho monakalo, kwaye akukho zimbobo kwimithetho yekhathoni;
2. Ibhokisi ayinamanzi okanye ukufuma;
3. Akukho ngcoliseko okanye amafutha ngaphandle kwebhokisi;
4. Ibhokisi ivalwe ngokupheleleyo;
5. Ibhokisi iphawulwe ngokucacileyo, ibonisa uhlobo lweempahla kunye neemfuno zokupakisha;
2. Umgangatho wokupakisha weempahla zepallet zebhokisi yomthi:
1. Itreyi ayinamilenze, ayinayo i-deformation, ayinamonakalo, ayinamanzi, njl.njl.;
2. Akukho monakalo, ukuvuza, ungcoliseko olunamafutha, njl.njl. ngaphandle;
3. Ubunzima bomthwalo wenkxaso esezantsi budlula ubunzima bomthwalo;
4. Ukupakisha kwangaphandle kunye nenkxaso esezantsi okanye iimpahla ziqiniswe ngokuqinileyo kwaye zizimele;
5. Iimpahla zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo;
6. Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto zangaphakathi, ukuqinisa okusebenzayo, kunye nokuphepha ukungcangcazela kwiphakheji;
7. Uhlobo lweempahla luza kuboniswa kwibhokisi yomthi okanye kwipalethi, kuquka la manqaku alandelayo:
1) Imida kwinani leeleya ezipakishiweyo kunye nobunzima;
2) Indawo ephakathi kobunzima bomthwalo;
3) Ubunzima kunye nobukhulu bomthwalo;
4) Nokuba ibuthathaka, njl.njl.;
5) Ukuchonga iingozi zemithwalo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba ukupakishwa kweebhokisi zomthi kunye neepalethi akufanelekile, kuya kuchaphazela yonke inkqubo yokuthuthwa kunye nokulayisha kunye nokukhupha impahla. Kufuneka ihlolwe ukususela ekuqaleni kokuhanjiswa kwemveliso, ize ilayishwe kwaye ithuthwe ukuba kufanelekile.
3. Iimfuneko zokupakisha nokupakisha impahla etyebileyo (iimpahla ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kweetoni ezi-5)
1. Inkxaso esezantsi yempahla isebenzisa isakhiwo esineetshaneli ezine, kwaye ipalethi yempahla iyahlangabezana neemfuno zobunzima besikhongozeli (umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo womgangatho wesikhongozeli seenyawo ezingama-40 yimitha yesikwere yetoni e-1, kwaye umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo womgangatho wesikhongozeli seenyawo ezingama-20 yimitha yesikwere ye-2);
2. Amandla okupakisha angaphandle anele ukuxhasa ukulayishwa nokukhutshwa kwemithwalo (ukukhululwa nge-crane ngebhandishi) kunye neemfuno zokupakisha.
3. Amandla epalethi anele ukuxhasa ubunzima beempahla, kwaye imicu yomthi ayizukuphuka ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha nokupakisha.
4. Umzantsi wepalethi uthe tyaba kwaye akukho zikrufu, amantongomane okanye ezinye iindawo eziphumayo ukuze kungabikho monakalo kwisikhongozeli.
5. Ukupakisha iimpahla kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokupakisha yeebhokisi zomthi kunye neepalethi.
Qaphela: Ukuba ukupakishwa kweempahla kubuthathaka okanye akunakubekwa, kufuneka ugcwalise ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokunyanisekileyo xa ubhukisha ukuze uphephe ukulahleka kweempahla ezibangelwa ziingxaki zokupakishwa. Ukulahleka okubangelwe ziingxaki zokupakishwa kuya kuthwalwa ngumthumeli.
6. Ngathi
Siyinkampani yearhente yokuthenga izinto eTshayina iYiwu, eTshayina, sinamava eminyaka engama-23 kwaye siqhelene nemarike yonke yaseTshayina. Sibonelela ngenkonzo engcono kakhulu yokukunceda ukusuka ekuthengeni ukuya ekuthumeleni impahla. Wamkelekile ukuba unxibelelane nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-14-2021