Sawubona, uvame ukuzwa amagama athi umthwalo wekhonteyina ogcwele (i-FCL) kanye nomthwalo wekhonteyina ongaphansi (i-LCL) ebhizinisini lokungenisa impahla?
Njengomuntu osekhulileI-ejenti yokuthenga yaseShayina, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokujulile nokuxhumana ngempumelelo imiqondo ye-FCL kanye ne-LCL. Njengomgogodla wezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuyisisekelo sezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe. I-FCL kanye ne-LCL zimelela amasu amabili ahlukene okuthutha izimpahla. Ukubheka ngokucophelela zombili lezi zindlela kuhilela amasu ebhizinisi okunciphisa izindleko, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Ngokumba ngokujulile kulezi zindlela ezimbili zokuhamba, singanikeza amakhasimende kangcono izixazululo zezokuthutha ezenziwe ngokwezifiso futhi sithole imiphumela emihle yokungenisa.
1. Incazelo ye-FCL ne-LCL
A. FCL
(1) Incazelo: Kusho ukuthi izimpahla zanele ukugcwalisa isitsha esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, futhi umnikazi wezimpahla ezisesitsheni ungumuntu ofanayo.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Kubalwa ngokusekelwe esitsheni sonke.
B. LCL
(1) Incazelo: Ibhekisela ezimpahleni ezinabanikazi abaningi esitsheni, okusebenza ezimweni lapho inani lezimpahla lincane khona.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Uma kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumamitha-cubic, isitsha sidinga ukwabelwana ngaso nabanye abangenisa impahla.
2. Ukuqhathanisa Phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL
| Isici | I-FCL | I-LCL |
| Isikhathi sokuthumela | okufanayo | Kuhilela umsebenzi onjengokuqoqa, ukuhlunga, nokupakisha, okuvame ukudinga isikhathi esithe xaxa |
| Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko | Ngokuvamile kuphansi kune-LCL | Ngokuvamile mude kunebhokisi eligcwele futhi kuhilela umsebenzi omningi |
| Umthamo wemithwalo | Kusebenza kwimithwalo enevolumu engaphezu kwamamitha ayi-cubic angu-15 | Ifanele imithwalo engaphansi kwamamitha ayi-cubic angu-15 |
| Umkhawulo wesisindo semithwalo | Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwempahla kanye nezwe lapho uya khona | Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwempahla kanye nezwe lapho uya khona |
| Indlela yokubala izindleko zokuthumela | Kunqunywa yinkampani yokuthumela, okubandakanya ivolumu kanye nesisindo sempahla | Kunqunywa yinkampani yokuthumela, kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumamitha ayi-cubic empahla |
| I-B/L | Ungacela i-MBL (Master B/L) noma i-HBL (House B/L) | Ungathola i-HBL kuphela |
| Umehluko ezinqubweni zokusebenza phakathi kwechweba lokusuka kanye nechweba lokuya kulo | Abathengi kudingeka babeke umkhiqizo ebhokisini bese bewuthumela echwebeni | Umthengi kudingeka athumele izimpahla endaweni yokugcina impahla elawulwa yizintela, futhi umthengisi wezimpahla uzophatha ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla. |
Qaphela: I-MBL (Master B/L) yi-master bill of lading, ekhishwa yinkampani yokuthumela, eqopha izimpahla esitsheni sonke. I-HBL (House B/L) yi-split bill of lading, ekhishwa yi-freighter forwarder, eqopha imininingwane yempahla ye-LCL.
phansi kwesimo
Kokubili i-FCL ne-LCL kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo, futhi ukukhetha kuncike ezicini ezifana nomthamo wempahla, izindleko, ukuphepha, izici zempahla, kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba.
Uma ucabangela izidingo zakho zokuthumela, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL kungasiza ekugwemeni ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe.
3. Izincomo zamasu e-FCL kanye ne-LCL Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ezihlukene
A. Kunconywa Ukusebenzisa i-FCL:
(1) Umthamo omkhulu wempahla: Uma umthamo wonke wempahla ungaphezu kwama-cubic metres ayi-15, ngokuvamile kuyonga kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle ukukhetha ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla azihlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, kunciphisa ingozi yomonakalo nokudideka.
(2) Ukuzwela ngesikhathi: Uma udinga izimpahla zifike lapho uya khona ngokushesha okukhulu, i-FCL ivame ukushesha kune-LCL. Izimpahla ezigcwele izitsha zingalethwa ngqo zisuka endaweni yokulayisha ziye lapho uya khona ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlela nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi lapho uya khona.
(3) Ubuchwepheshe bezimpahla: Kwezinye izimpahla ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile, njengalezo ezibuthakathaka, ezibuthakathaka, futhi ezinezidingo eziphezulu zemvelo, ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kunganikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono nokulawulwa kwezimo zemvelo.
(4) Ukonga izindleko: Uma impahla inkulu futhi isabelomali sivuma, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukonga kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, izindleko ze-FCL zingase zibe ziphansi futhi izindleko ezengeziwe zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL zingagwenywa.
B. Izimo Lapho Kunconywa Ukusebenzisa I-LCL:
(1) Umthamo wempahla encane: Uma umthamo wempahla ungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-cubic angu-15, i-LCL ivame ukuba yisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu. Gwema ukukhokhela isitsha sonke kodwa esikhundleni salokho khokha ngokusekelwe kumthamo wangempela wempahla yakho.
(2) Izidingo zokuguquguquka: I-LCL inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inani lezimpahla lincane noma linganele ukugcwalisa isitsha sonke. Ungabelana ngamabhodlela nabanye abangenisi, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise izindleko zokuthumela.
(3) Ungasheshi isikhathi: Ukuthuthwa kwe-LCL kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi ngoba kuhilela i-LCL, ukuhlunga, ukupakisha kanye neminye imisebenzi. Uma isikhathi singeyona into ebalulekile, ungakhetha inketho yokuthumela ye-LCL engabizi kakhulu.
(4) Izimpahla ziyahlakazeka: Uma izimpahla zivela kubahlinzeki abahlukene baseShayina, zingezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi zidinga ukuhlelwa endaweni oya kuyo. Isibonelo, thenga kubahlinzeki abaningi e-Imakethe yaseYiwu, i-LCL iyisinqumo esifaneleka kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokugcina impahla kanye nesikhathi sokuhlunga endaweni oya kuyo.
Sekukonke, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-FCL noma i-LCL kuncike ezintweni eziqondile zokuthunyelwa kanye nezidingo zebhizinisi ngalinye. Ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo, kunconywa ukuthi ube nokubonisana okuningiliziwe nomthengisi wezimpahla noma umhlinzeki othembekile.I-ejenti yokuthenga yaseShayinaukuqinisekisa ukuthi wenza ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezidingo zakho. Siyakwamukela ku-Xhumana nathi, singanikeza isevisi engcono kakhulu yokuma okukodwa!
4. Amanothi Neziphakamiso
Thola ulwazi ngosayizi womkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuze uthole isilinganiso esinembile sezindleko zokuthumela kanye nenzuzo.
Khetha phakathi kwe-FCL noma i-LCL ezimweni ezahlukene bese wenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ngokusekelwe kumthamo wempahla, izindleko kanye nokuphuthuma.
Ngokuqukethwe okungenhla, abafundi bangaba nokuqonda okujulile ngalezi zindlela ezimbili zokuthutha izimpahla.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
U: Ngiqhuba ibhizinisi elincane lokuthengisa imikhiqizo kagesi ngobuningi. Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe ezokuthutha ze-FCL noma ze-LCL?
A: Uma i-oda lakho lomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi likhulu, lingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-cubic angu-15, kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha okukhulu kwempahla futhi kunciphisa ingozi yomonakalo ongaba khona ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kunikeza nezikhathi zokuthumela ezisheshayo, okwenza kube kuhle kumabhizinisi azwela izikhathi zokulethwa.
U: Nginamasampula athile kanye nama-oda amancane ebhetshi, ingabe kufanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Kumasampula nama-oda amancane, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungaba inketho engabizi kakhulu. Ungabelana ngesitsha nabanye abangenisi, ngaleyo ndlela usakaze izindleko zokuthunyelwa. Ikakhulukazi uma inani lezimpahla lincane kodwa lisadinga ukuthuthwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuyindlela eguquguqukayo nengabizi kakhulu.
U: Ibhizinisi lami lokudla okusha kudingeka liqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zifika ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ingabe i-LCL iyafaneleka?
A: Ezimpahleni ezithinta isikhathi njengokudla okusha, ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kungafaneleka kakhulu. Ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala echwebeni futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula nokulethwa kwezimpahla ngokushesha. Lokhu kubalulekile emabhizinisini adinga ukugcina izimpahla zawo zintsha.
U: Yiziphi ezinye izindleko engingazibhekana nazo ngokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Izindleko ezengeziwe ezingase zihileleke ekuthuthweni kwe-LCL zifaka phakathi izimali zesevisi yechweba, izimali zesevisi ye-ejensi, izimali ze-oda lokulethwa, izimali zokuphatha i-terminal, njll. Lezi zindleko zingahluka kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, udinga ukuqonda zonke izindleko ezengeziwe ezingaba khona ukuze uthole isilinganiso esinembile sezindleko zokuthumela eziphelele.
U: Izimpahla zami zidinga ukucutshungulwa lapho ziya khona. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-FCL ne-LCL?
A: Uma izimpahla zakho zidinga ukucutshungulwa noma ukuhlelwa endaweni oya kuyo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungadinga imisebenzi eminingi nesikhathi. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kuvame ukuba lula kakhulu, lapho umkhiqizo upakishwa ngumthengi futhi uthunyelwa echwebeni, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kungadinga ukuthi izimpahla zithunyelwe endaweni yokugcina impahla eqondiswa yikhasimende kanye nomthumeli wezimpahla ukuze aphathe i-LCL, okunezela ezinye izinyathelo ezengeziwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-01-2024