Molo, ngaba uhlala usiva amagama athi umthwalo wesikhongozeli opheleleyo (i-FCL) kunye nomthwalo wesikhongozeli ongaphantsi (i-LCL) kwishishini lokungenisa impahla?
Njengomntu omdalaIarhente yokuthenga impahla yaseTshayina, kubalulekile ukuqonda nzulu nokunxibelelana ngempumelelo neengcinga ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL. Njengesiseko se-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yeyona nto iphambili kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe. I-FCL kunye ne-LCL zimele amaqhinga amabini ahlukeneyo okuthuthwa kwempahla. Ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kuzo zombini ezi ndlela kubandakanya amaqhinga oshishino okunciphisa iindleko, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ngokumba nzulu kwezi ndlela zimbini zothutho, singabonelela abathengi ngcono ngezisombululo ze-logistics ezenzelwe bona kwaye sifumane iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zokungenisa impahla.
1. Inkcazo ye-FCL kunye ne-LCL
A. FCL
(1) Inkcazo: Kuthetha ukuba iimpahla zanele ukuzalisa isikhongozeli esinye okanye ezingaphezulu, kwaye umnini weempahla ezikwisikhongozeli ngumntu ofanayo.
(2) Ubalo lwempahla: Lubalwa ngokusekelwe kwisikhongozeli sonke.
B. LCL
(1) Inkcazo: Ibhekisa kwiimpahla ezinabanini abaninzi kwisikhongozeli, nto leyo esebenza kwiimeko apho inani leempahla lincinci.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: Ukubalwa ngokusekelwe kwiimitha zetyhubhu, isitya kufuneka sabelwane ngaso nabanye abathumeli.
2. Uthelekiso phakathi kweFCL kunye neLCL
| Umbono | I-FCL | I-LCL |
| Ixesha lokuthumela | okufanayo | Kubandakanya umsebenzi ofana nokuhlela amaqela, ukuhlela, kunye nokupakisha, okudla ngokufuna ixesha elingakumbi |
| Uthelekiso lweendleko | Ngokwesiqhelo ingaphantsi kune-LCL | Ihlala inde kunebhokisi epheleleyo kwaye ibandakanya umsebenzi omninzi |
| Umthamo wemithwalo | Isebenza kwimithwalo enomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-15 cubic metres | Ifanelekile kwimithwalo engaphantsi kwe-15 cubic metres |
| Umda wobunzima bemithwalo | Iyahluka ngokwehlobo lomthwalo kunye nelizwe oya kulo | Iyahluka ngokwehlobo lomthwalo kunye nelizwe oya kulo |
| Indlela yokubala iindleko zokuthumela | Imiselwa yinkampani yokuthumela impahla, ebandakanya ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bomthwalo | Imiselwa yinkampani yokuthumela impahla, ibalwe ngokusekelwe kwiimitha zetyhubhu zempahla |
| I-B/L | Ungacela i-MBL (Master B/L) okanye i-HBL (House B/L) | Ungafumana i-HBL kuphela |
| Umahluko kwiinkqubo zokusebenza phakathi kwezibuko lemvelaphi kunye nezibuko lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo | Abathengi kufuneka bayibeke ebhokisini baze bayithumele imveliso echwebeni | Umthengi kufuneka athumele iimpahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla ejongene nerhafu, kwaye umntu othumela impahla uya kujongana nokuhlanganiswa kweempahla. |
Qaphela: I-MBL (Master B/L) yi-master bill of lading, ekhutshwa yinkampani yokuthumela impahla, erekhoda iimpahla kwisikhongozeli sonke. I-HBL (House B/L) yi-split bill of lading, ekhutshwa ngumthumeli wempahla, erekhoda iinkcukacha zomthwalo we-LCL.
ezantsi kwefomu
Zombini i-FCL kunye ne-LCL zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, kwaye ukhetho luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nomthamo wempahla, iindleko, ukhuseleko, iimpawu zempahla, kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
Xa ucinga ngeemfuno zakho zokuthumela, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweFCL kunye neLCL kunokukunceda uphephe ukuhlawula iifizi ezongezelelweyo.
3. Iingcebiso zeFCL kunye neLCL Strategies phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo
A. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-FCL:
(1) Umthamo omkhulu wempahla: Xa umthamo uwonke wempahla ungaphezulu kwe-15 cubic metres, kudla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukukhetha uthutho lwe-FCL. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla azihlulwahlulwa ngexesha lokuthuthwa, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala kunye nokudideka.
(2) Isebenza ngexesha: Ukuba ufuna iimpahla zifike kwindawo oya kuyo ngokukhawuleza, i-FCL idla ngokuba ngokukhawuleza kune-LCL. Iimpahla ezipheleleyo zesikhongozeli zingahanjiswa ngqo ukusuka kwindawo yokulayisha ukuya kwindawo oya kuyo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokucwangcisa nokudibanisa imisebenzi kwindawo oya kuyo.
(3) Ubuchule beempahla: Kwezinye iimpahla ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezo zibuthathaka, ezibuthathaka, nezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo, ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono kunye nolawulo lweemeko zokusingqongileyo.
(4) Ukonga iindleko: Xa umthwalo mkhulu kwaye uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali luvuma, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kudla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi. Kwezinye iimeko, iindleko ze-FCL zinokuba ziphantsi kwaye iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL zinokuthintelwa.
B. Iimeko apho kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-LCL:
(1) Umthamo omncinci wempahla: Ukuba umthamo wempahla ungaphantsi kwee-cubic metres ezili-15, i-LCL idla ngokuba lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu. Kuphephe ukuhlawulela yonke isitya endaweni yoko hlawula ngokusekelwe kumthamo womthwalo wakho.
(2) Iimfuneko zokuguquguquka: I-LCL inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ingakumbi xa inani leempahla lincinci okanye lanele ukuzalisa isitya sonke. Ungabelana ngezikhongozeli nabanye abangenisi, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa iindleko zokuthumela.
(3) Musa ukungxama ngexesha: Ukuthuthwa kwe-LCL kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elingakumbi kuba kubandakanya i-LCL, ukuhlunga, ukupakisha kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ukuba ixesha aliyonto ibalulekileyo, ungakhetha ukhetho lokuthumela lwe-LCL olungabizi kakhulu.
(4) Iimpahla ziyasasazwa: Xa iimpahla zivela kubathengisi abahlukeneyo baseTshayina, zezohlobo olwahlukeneyo kwaye kufuneka zihlelwe kwindawo eziya kuyo. Umzekelo, thenga kubathengisi abaninzi e-Imakethi yaseYiwu, i-LCL lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokugcina impahla kunye nexesha lokucwangcisa kwindawo oya kuyo.
Lilonke, ukhetho phakathi kwe-FCL okanye i-LCL luxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zokuthunyelwa kunye neemfuno zeshishini ngalinye. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo, kucetyiswa ukuba ube nodliwanondlebe oluneenkcukacha nomthumeli wempahla okanye umntu othembekileyoIarhente yokuthenga yaseTshayinaukuqinisekisa ukuba wenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Wamkelekile aphaQhagamshelana nathi, singabonelela ngenkonzo yokumisa enye engcono kakhulu!
4. Amanqaku kunye neengcebiso
Fumana ulwazi lobungakanani bemveliso ngaphambi kokuba uthenge ukuze ufumane uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lweendleko zokuthumela kunye nenzuzo.
Khetha phakathi kwe-FCL okanye i-LCL kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye wenze izigqibo ezilumkileyo ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bemithwalo, iindleko kunye nokungxamiseka.
Ngomxholo ongentla, abafundi banokuba nokuqonda okunzulu kwezi ndlela zimbini zokuthutha impahla.
5. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Q: Ndiqhuba ishishini elincinci leemveliso ze-elektroniki ngobuninzi. Ngaba ndifanele ndikhethe uthutho lwe-FCL okanye lwe-LCL?
A: Ukuba iodolo yakho yemveliso ye-elektroniki inkulu, ingaphezulu kwe-15 cubic metres, kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olukhulu lwempahla kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo onokubakho ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kukwabonelela ngamaxesha okuthunyelwa akhawulezileyo, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kumashishini anolwazelelelo ngamaxesha okuhanjiswa.
Q: Ndinazo iisampulu kunye nee-odolo ezincinci zebhetshi, ngaba zifanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Kwiisampuli kunye nee-odolo ezincinci, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kunokuba lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu. Ungabelana ngesikhongozeli nabanye abangenisi, ngaloo ndlela usasaze iindleko zokuthunyelwa. Ingakumbi xa inani leempahla lincinci kodwa lisafuna ukuthuthwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL lukhetho oluguquguqukayo nolungabizi kakhulu.
Q: Ishishini lam lokutya okutsha kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba iimpahla zifika ngexesha elifutshane kangangoko. Ngaba i-LCL ifanelekile?
A: Kwiimpahla ezithatha ixesha elide ezifana nokutya okutsha, ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kungangcono. Ukuthuthwa kwe-FCL kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala echwebeni kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokucutshungulwa nokuhanjiswa kweempahla ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukugcina iimpahla zawo zintsha.
Q: Zeziphi iindleko ezongezelelweyo endinokuzijongana nazo ngokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke kuthutho lwe-LCL ziquka iifizi zenkonzo yezibuko, iifizi zenkonzo ye-arhente, iifizi ze-odolo yokuhanjiswa, iifizi zokuphatha izikhululo, njl. Ezi ntlawulo zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo, ngoko ke xa ukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, kufuneka uqonde zonke iifizi ezongezelelweyo ezinokubakho ukuze ufumane uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lweendleko zokuthunyelwa zizonke.
Q: Iimpahla zam kufuneka zicutshungulwe kwindawo endiya kuyo. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL?
A: Ukuba iimpahla zakho kufuneka zicutshungulwe okanye zihlelwe kwindawo oya kuyo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kunokubandakanya imisebenzi emininzi kunye nexesha. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kudla ngokuba lula ngakumbi, xa imveliso ipakishwa ngumthengi kwaye ithunyelwa echwebeni, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kunokufuna ukuba iimpahla zithunyelwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla ejongwe yirhafu kunye nomthumeli wempahla ukuze aphathe i-LCL, kongeza amanye amanyathelo ongezelelweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-01-2024