Molo, ngaba uhlala uva amagama umthwalo opheleleyo wezitya (FCL) kunye nophantsi komthwalo wezityalo (LCL) kwishishini lokungenisa elizweni?
NjengomphezuluI-China ithathela ingqalelo iarhente, kubalulekile ukuba siqonde nzulu kwaye unxibelelane ngempumelelo iikhonsepthi zeFCL kunye ne-LCL. Njengephambili kwizinto ezingumba, ukuhambisa yindawo engundoqo lwezinto zakwamanye amazwe. I-FCL kunye ne-LCL imele iindlela ezimbini zothutho lweempahla. Ukuhlolisisa zombini ezi ndlela zibandakanya iindlela zeshishini zokunciphisa iindleko, ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ngokugayela ngokunzulu kwezi ndlela zimbini zokuhamba, kungcono sikwazi ukubonelela abathengi ngeZisombululo zezinto ezihleliweyo kwaye zifezekise iziphumo eziphezulu zokungenisa eliphezulu.
1. Inkcazo ye-FCL kunye ne-LCL
A. fcl
(1) Ingcaciso: Kuthetha ukuba iimpahla zinele ukugcwalisa isikhongozeli okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye umnini weempahla kwisitya ngumntu omnye.
(2) Ukubalwa kwempahla: ibalwa ngokusekwe kwisitya sonke.
B. LCL
(1) Ingcaciso: ibhekisa kwiimpahla ezinabanini abaninzi kwisitya, esisebenza kwiimeko apho inani leempahla lincinci.
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2. Thelekisa phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL
| Inkalo | Fcl | Lcl |
| Ixesha lokuhambisa | ngokufanayo | Kubandakanya umsebenzi onjengokweqela, wokuhlela, kunye nokupakisha, okufunwayo ixesha elininzi |
| Uthelekiso lweendleko | Ihlala isezantsi kune-LCL | Ihlala ide kunebhokisi epheleleyo kwaye ibandakanya umsebenzi ongaphezulu |
| Umthamo weRhafu | Isebenza kwimpahla enevolumu engaphezulu kwe-15 yeekride | Ilungele umthwalo ungaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-15 |
| Umda wobunzima bomzimba | Iyahluka ngokohlobo lwe-cargo kunye nelizwe | Iyahluka ngokohlobo lwe-cargo kunye nelizwe |
| Indlela yokuhambisa idini | Igqitywe yinkampani yokuthumela, ebandakanya ivolumu kunye nobunzima bempahla | Igqitywe yinkampani yokuhambisa, ibalwa ngokusekwe kubugcisa be-cubic |
| B / l | Ungacela i-MBL (Master B / L) okanye i-HBL (indlu B / L) | Ungafumana i-HBL kuphela |
| Umahluko kwiinkqubo zokusebenza phakathi kwezibuko zemvelaphi kunye nezibuko lokufika | Abathengi badinga ibhokisi kwaye bathumele imveliso kwizibuko | Umthengi kufuneka athumele iimpahla kwindawo yokubeka iliso kwi-Supeces, kwaye i-hraight ufike phambili iya kujongana nokudityaniswa kweempahla. |
Qaphela: MBL (Master b / L) yi-Grod Chili ye-START, ekhutshwe yinkampani yokuhambisa, ukurekhoda iimpahla kulo lonke izitya. I-HBL (indlu B / L) yi-Split Gilling Will, ekhutshwe yi-hyright phambili, ukurekhoda iinkcukacha ze-LCL Pogo.
ezantsi kwefom
Zombini i-FCL kunye ne-LCL zinezibonelelo zabo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kwaye ukhetho luxhomekeke kwimiba efana nevolumu yemoto, iindleko, ixesha lokuhamba, kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
Xa ujonga iimfuno zakho zokuhambisa, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL inokunceda ukuhlawula imirhumo eyongezelelweyo.
3. Iingcebiso zeFCL kunye neendlela ze-LCL phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo
A. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa i-FCL:
. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla aziqhekezi ngexesha lezothutho, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakalisa kunye nokudideka.
. Iimpahla ezigcweleyo zinokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwindawo yokulayisha ukuya kwindawo engenayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungisa kunye nokudibanisa imisebenzi kwindawo oya kuyo.
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. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintlawulo ze-FCL zinokuba ziphantsi kwaye iindleko ezongezelelweyo zothumo lwe-LCL zinokuthintelwa.
B. Iimeko apho kuyacetyiswa khona ukusebenzisa i-LCL:
. Kunqande ukuhlawula isikhongozeli sonke kwaye endaweni yoko uhlawule ngokusekwe kwivolumu yentsuba yakho.
. Unokwabelana nabanye nabanye abangethintelo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa iindleko zokuhambisa.
(3) Ungangxami ixesha: Izothutho ze-LCL zihlala zithatha ixesha elingakumbi kuba ibandakanya i-LCL, ukuhlelwa, ukupakisha kunye nomnye umsebenzi. Ukuba ixesha aliyonto, unokukhetha ukhetho lwe-LCL loqoqosho lwe-LCL.
. Umzekelo, ukuthenga kubathengisi abaninzi ngaphakathiIntengiso ye-YIWU, LCL lukhetho olufanelekileyo ngakumbi. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokugcina kunye nokuhlela ixesha kwindawo oya kuyo.
Ngokubanzi, ukhetho phakathi kwe-FCL okanye i-LCL ixhomekeke kwi-2 yeemfuno zeshishini kunye neemfuno zeshishini lomntu ngamnye. Ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nonxibelelwano oluneenkcukacha kunye ne-hreight phambili okanye ithembaIarhente yokufumana i-ChinaUkuqinisekisa ukuba wenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Wamkelekile kwiQhagamshelana nathi, sinokubonelela ngenkonzo enye yokumisa!
4. Amanqaku kunye neengcebiso
Fumana ubukhulu bemveliso yolwazi ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuze ufumane ingqikelelo echanekileyo yeendleko zokuhambisa kunye nenzuzo.
Khetha phakathi kwe-FCL okanye i-LCL kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye wenze izigqibo zobulumko kusekwe kwivolumu yempahla, iindleko kunye nongxamiseko.
Kumxholo ongentla, abafundi banokuba nokuqonda okunzulu kwezi ndlela zimbini zokuhamba kwemithwalo yezithuthi.
I-5. FAQ
Q: Ndibaleka ishishini elincinci lemveliso ye-elektroniki. Ngaba kufuneka ndikhethe i-fcl okanye i-LCL yezothutho?
A: Ukuba i-odolo yakho yemveliso ye-elektroniki inkulu, ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-15, ihlala icetyiswa ukukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olukhulu lwe-Cargo kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokonzakala okukhoyo ngexesha lothutho. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-FCL kukwabonelela amaxesha okuhambisa ngokukhawuleza, okwenza ilungele amashishini anomdla kumaxesha okuhambisa.
Q: Ndineesampulu ezithile kunye nee-odolo ezincinci ze-batch, ngaba kufanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL?
A: Kwiisampulu kunye nee-odolo ezincinci ze-batch, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kunokuba luhlobo oluthile loqoqosho. Unokwabelana nabanye nabanye abangethintelo, ngaloo ndlela kusasaza iindleko zokuhambisa. Ingakumbi xa inani leempahla lincinci kodwa kusafuneka lithuthwe kwilizwe liphela, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL yindlela eguqukayo kunye neendleko.
Q: Ishishini lam lokutya elitsha kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba iimpahla zifike ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ngaba i-LCL ifanelekile?
A: Iimpahla ezibuthathaka zexesha ezinjengokutya okutsha, ezothutho ze-FCL zinokuba zifanelekile ngakumbi. Izothutho zeFCL zinokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala kwizibuko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqhubekeka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempahla. Oku kubalulekile ukuba amashishini afuna ukugcina iimpahla zabo zintsha.
Q: Zeziphi izityholo ezongezelelweyo endinokujamelana nazo?
A: Iindleko ezongeziweyo ezinokubandakanyeka kwizithuthi ze-LCL zibandakanya iifizi zenkonzo yezibuko, iifizi zenkonzo ye-Arhente, iifizi zokuhanjiswa kweentlawulo, kufuneka uqonde kuzo zonke iindleko ezinokubakho kwixabiso elichanekileyo lokuhambisa.
Q: Impahla yam idinga ukuqhubekeka kwindawo oya kuyo. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-fcl kunye ne-lcl?
A: Ukuba iimpahla zakho kufuneka zenziwe okanye zihlelwe kwindawo oya kuyo, ukuhambisa i-LCL kunokubandakanya ukusebenza kunye nexesha. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-FCL kuhlala kuqondwa ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nemveliso egcwele ngumthengi kwaye kuthunyelwe kwizibuko, ngelixa ukuhambisa i-LCL kunokufuna ukuba iimpahla zithunyelwe kwi-LCL, ukongeza amanye amanyathelo ongezelelweyo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: FEB-01-2024